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(Telugu: వరంగల్)is a city and a municipal corporation in Warangal District in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Warangal is 145 km northeast of the state capital of Hyderabad . Warangal is the administrative seat of Warangal District. It is the fourth largest city in Andhra Pradesh with a population of nearly 13,88,944 lakhs. Warangal is cool and serence city.Warangal district has an area of 12,846 km², and a population of 2,818,832 (1991 census). The district is bounded by karimnagar district to the north,Khammam district to the east and southeast, Nalgonda district to the southwest, and Medak district to the west. Warangal is located northeast of Hyderabad , India. Warangal is known for its granite quarries (notably the black and brown varieties), grain market (for rice and chillies), cotton, and tobacco.
Geography :
Warangal is located at 18°00′N 79°35′E / 18.0°N 79.58°E / 18.0; 79.58. It has an average elevation of 302 metres (990 feet).
History :
Warangal was the capital of a Hindu Shaivaite kingdom ruled by the Kakatiya dynasty from the 12th to the 14th centuries.The old name of this newly formed city is Orugallu. 'Oru' means one and 'Kallu' means stone. The entire city was carved in a single rock, hence the name Orukallu meaning 'one rock'. The city was also called Ekasila nagaram. The Kakatiyas left many monuments, including an impressive fortress, four massive stone gateways, the Swayambhu temple dedicated to Shiva, and the Ramappa temple situated near Ramappa Lake. The cultural and administrative distinction of the Kakatiyas was mentioned by the famous traveller Marco Polo. Famous or well-known rulers included Ganapathi Deva, Prathapa Rudra, and Rani (queen) Rudramma Devi. After the defeat of PratapaRudra, the Musunuri Nayaks united seventy two Nayak chieftains and captured Warangal from Delhi sultanate and ruled for fifty years. Jealousy and mutual rivalry between Nayaks ultimately led to the downfall of Hindus in 1370 A.D. and success of Bahmanis. Bahmani Sultanate later broke up into several smaller sultanates, of which the Golconda sultanate ruled Warangal. The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered Golconda in 1687, and it remained part of the Mughal empire until the southern provinces of the empire split away to become the state of Hyderabad in 1724 which included the Telangana region and some parts of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Hyderabad was annexed to India in 1948, and became an Indian state. In 1956 Hyderabad was partitioned as part of the States Reorganization Act, and Telangana, the Telugu-speaking region of Hyderabad state which includes Warangal, became part of Andhra Pradesh. Warangal has developed both under the political and historical influences of successive great kings. The Historical events and development occurred in
Warangal District. These are:-
1.Kakatiya Stage 1260 - 1422
2.Transition Stage 1422 - 1725
3.Asaf Jahi Stage 1725 - 1948
4.Modern Stage 1948 - Onwards.
Rani Rudrama Devi :
(Telugu: రాణి రుద్రమ దేవి) was one of the most prominent rulers of the Kakatiya dynasty on the Deccan Plateau, being one of the few queens in Indian history. She was born, as Rudramba, to King Ganapathideva (or Ganapatideva, or Ganapathi Devudu). As Ganapathideva had no sons, Rudramma was formally designated as a son through the ancient Putrika ceremony and given the male name of Rudradeva. When she was only fourteen years old, Rani Rudramma Devi succeeded her father.
Ganapati : is ruled for all total 62 years. It is stated that he was thrown into prison on account of some crime, but he was released by Jaitugi of Yadava dynasty. Jaitugi also helped him to become the king. He is credited with conquests against Latas, Yadavas, Karnata, Kalinga and Cholas. The reason of his victories against these dynasties was the decline of the Chola dynasty.
His first campaign was against Andhra. He attacked the contemporary ruler of Andhra and captured the mines of iron, diamonds etc. He occupied Kanchi after defeating Kulottunga III. He also fought against Anargabhima of Kalinga. Ganapati also achieved victories against the Kayasthas of Kurnool and Budapa.
- Ganapati declared his daughter Rudramba as his successor. She had already been helping him in the administration of the kingdom. The chief of Yadavas had also accepted the sovereignty of Ganapati. Thus it can be seen that Ganapati was a powerful king of this dynasty. He is famous for this efficient administration.
It appears that Rudramba was succeeded by Partapdeva who ruled for 4 years. No significant event took place during his reign. He was succeeded by his son Partapa Rudradeva, who was a very powerful ruler. He defeated the Yadavas. He also attacked Kuntala and occupied the fort of Raichur.
- A famous scholar named Vaidyanatha wrote `Prataprudriy`, which has immortalized Pratapa Rudradeva. Pratapa Rudradeva is famous for his efficient administration. He had divided his whole kingdom into 70 Nayakas.The invasion of the Muslims was the chief cause of the decline of the Kakatiya dynasty. Rudradeva was attacked and defeated by Malik Katura. Thereafter Bahamani Sultan Ahmad Shah conquered and occupied the kingdom of the Kakatiyas. One of the branches of this dynasty ruled for some more time in Baster. Ganapati was succeeded by his daughter Rudramba. In her early reign, she remained busy in the struggle with the neighbouring king. A Kayasha chief named Ambadeva defeated all the opponents. Rudramba`s grandson achieved conquest against the Yadavas. On account of his conquest, he was appointed as Yuvaraja in 1280 A. D. With the help of the Hoyasalas and the Yadavas, Ambadeva brought a revolution in the kingdom, but he was defeated by Yuvaraja. Despite initial misgivings by some of her generals who resented a female ruler, she suppressed both uprisings within Kakatiya territory and incursions by neighboring kingdoms. An able fighter and dynamic ruler, Rudramba defended the kingdom from the Cholas and the Yadavas, earning their respect. She was one of very few female rulers in south India during her time. Rani Rudramma Devi ruled from 1261 or 1262 until 1295 or 1296.
Among Rani Rudramma Devi's accomplishments during her reign was the completion of Warangal Fort, begun by her father, in the Kakatiya capital of Warangal (one stone hill). Parts of the fort are still standing, including examples of distinctive Kakatiya sculpture. Rudramma Devi remains one of India's most important women.Legend has it that due to her upbringing as a boy, Rani Rudrama was not much a connoisseur of music and art, but she was quite taken by a form of Shiva Tandavam - Perini which was extinct and it was brought back by Dr. Nataraja Ramakrishna. She found this dance more of an exercise to the soldiers and had it made part of the training of the royal force.The early history of the Kakatiyas is not known to the historians. Some historians regard them as Suryavamsi Kshatriyas, while some of the other historians connect them with Ichhakuas of Andhra Pradesh. There are some historians who connect them with the Sudra dynasty. These opinions are based upon certain inscriptions, found in Nellur district. The Kakatiyas ruled in Tilangana as Samantas of the Chalukyas. After the decline of the Chalukya dynasty, they declared themselves independent and shifted their capital from Amakonda to Warangal.
Prolaraja is supposed to be the earliest king of Kakatiyas. Rudra and Mahadeva succeeded as kings after Prolaraja. Thereafter, Ganapati become the king of this dynasty.
Culture : Telugu is the language spoken by the majority in Warangal. Both traditional attire like Saree, Lungi and Dhoti and modern dress styles are worn. The poets of this place include the ancient poets Potana and Palkuriki Somanna to present day poets like Kaloji Narayana Rao, B. Rama Raju, Pervaram Jagannatham, Kovela Sampatkumara, Kovela Suprasanna, Ampasayya Naveen, RANGANATH MIDDELA, Varavara Rao and Anwar have contributed to Telugu literature.Sarangapani was a famous folk singer, Nerella Venu Madhav is a mimicry artist who has received accolades countrywide. The famous music director Chakri is also from Warangal district.
- Arya Samaj : is the social organisation that has been touching the lives of people for the past five decades since Hyderabad was annexed in Indian Union. It has strongly opposed Khasim Rizvi's (the Nizam's commander) bloody campaign against the peasants under the leadership of Nanna Ramakrishna Arya and since then has been a spiritual centre for the common man. Able leaders like Sri M. S. Rajalingam, M. N. Rangachary (Parkal), Kaloji brothers, Bhandaaru Chandramoulishwar Rao, T. Hayagreevachary alias 'One Eyed Jackal', Bathini Mogilaiah, Ranganaikulu, Cheruku Kanthaiah fought for the freedom of Hyderabad and its merger into the Indian Union.
Festivals :
Major Hindu festivals such as Bathukamma festival, Dassera, Deepavali, Sankranti (Pongal ) are celebrated here. In addition, the district hosts the Sammakka-Saralamma Jatara or congregation. Every two years(bi-annually), approximately 6 million people converge for over three days around the small village of Medaram and its adjacent stream/rivulet, Jampanna Vagu, 90km from Warangal city. This fair is said to be the largest repeating aggregation of tribal communities in the whole world and commemorates the valiant fight put up by a mother-daughter combination (Samakka and Sarakka) with the reigning Kakatiya king over an unjust law. Bonalu and Bathukamma festivals, symbolic of the Telangana region are also celebrated here (Bathukamma is celebrated particularly by women) with gusto.
Bonalu Festival:Bonalu is a folk festival, which is very famous and people love to celebrate this festival in Warangal during rainy season month of Ashada. The word "Bonalu" is derived from "Bhojanalu" meaning food, which is offered to the Goddess. This century old tradition is celebrated with utmost gaiety and devotional fervour. This one-month long festival is marked by devotional singing and ritualistic worship to the village deities "Yellamma", "Mahankali", "Maisamma", "Pochamma", and "Gundamma".A typical feature of the Bonalu festival are the `Bonam' or decorated pots filled with neem leaves, which are carried on the heads by the women folk in a procession. Rice cooked along with Joggery is also taken in highly polished brass vessels or in clay pots decorated with neem leaves, which are carried by women on their heads to the local goddess while the men accompany by carrying sheep or hen.Women colourfully dressed, Some women and Hijras who were called as "Shivasatti" dance balancing pots to the rhythmic beats and tunes in praise of the village deity Pochamma, who is believed to be the protector of the village.
Bathukamma: Bathukamma, the traditional festival of Telangana region is celebrated with religious fervour and gaiety by the womenfolk on every year. Womenfolk in their best attire participated in the festival by singing songs and dancing around Bathukammas at various places in Warangal. The bathukammas are made in conical shape by placing various varieties of locally available flowers such as tangedu, gunugu, marigold and other flowers. celebrated mainly by the women of this region. Celebrated during Navarathri it honours the `life-giver’ Bathukamma, with women seeking her blessings for prosperity and a good year. Colours, flowers and water are all intrinsic to the festival; and the goddess herself is not one rooted in a shrine but made of flowers that signify both life and eternity in their colours as well as impermanence. They later immersed the colourfully arranged Bathukammas in water ponds.
Dassera Vijaya Dashami: After 2nd day of Bathukamma, the Dassera festival will come up. This is a bif festival in family, the family members attends this festival, even no matter where they are. Drinking wine and eating meat, festival food is a lovely thing for people. The licker shops make one month busines on this one day. In the evening people went to Ravana vada. The Hanamkonda people celebrates Ravana vada at Padmakshi gutta and the Warangal people wents to Rangaleela Maidan during this day. After the Ravan vada, youngers presents Jammi Leaves to the elders and takes blessings. In some villages, the young people plays Kolatam a folk art in the Dassera night.
Sammakka Sarakka Jatara : It is a biennial event held once every two years. People from almost all over the state come to worship these deities.is a tribal festival of Goddessess celebrated in Telangana region of Andhra pradesh ,India It commemorates the valiant fight put up by a mother and daughter, Samakka and Sarakka, with the reigning rulers over an unjust law.It is celebrated in Medaram when the beloved goddesses of the tribals visit them. Medaram is a remote place in the Eturunagaram wildlife Sanctuary, a part of Dandakaranya, the largest surviving forest belt in the Deccan. It is the second largest religious congregation after the Maha Kumbh Mela. The forest is transformed into a cosmopolis.
Komaravelli : is a holy place where devotees worship Komaravelli Mallana Swamy. Komaravelli is situated just before 10 km from Siddipet on the way Hyderabad/Secunderabad highway. There is no railway here and it can only be reached by road.Places of Interest:
Warangal Fort : or Kila Warangal, which dates back to the 12th and 13th century, fort was mostly destroyed by invaders and only the ruins can now be seen. The fort had three protective walls, remnants of which can still be seen today. The first is a mud wall that stands today up to about 20 feet high and several kilometers in circumference, encircling the fort. The second is a wall made of granite rock. The fort has four famous stone gateways, about 30 feet high and still standing, a masterpiece carved from a single rock. They are called Kirti Toranas (gateways of glory) of the Kakatiyas.- Planetarium and Musical Garden : There is a planetarium and a beautiful garden near the Bhadrakali Temple.The Majestic Musical garden in Warangal is located nearby the famous Bhadrakali temple. The Garden is spread over a wide area of more than 15 acres. A visually pleasing musical fountain with eye catching colorful lights is the main attraction in this garden; the fountain is operated through computer. A mammoth rock and an artificial waterfall in the rock structure are placed as the background of Kakatiya Musical Garden.The Garden offers facilities for boating; the lake for boating was artificially created. Everyday an amazing show of musical fountain with dancing lights is arranged at 7pm. This is a wonderful garden to spend the evenings.
Ramappa Temple : also known as Ramalingeswara Temple, is situated in Palampet village, 70 km from Warangal. This is a beautiful monument dating back to 1213 A.D. It displays the glory and richness of the Kakatiya kingdom and is one of the finest specimens of Hindu temple architecture of the time.This medieval temple is a Shivalaya (where Shiva is worshipped) and named after the sculptor Ramappa, a Vishwakarma Brahmin Sthapathi of Karnataka State, who built it rather that after its presiding deity, Ramalingeswara, perhaps to accent Shiva's importance as the personal god of the avatar of Vishnu, Rama. The history says that it was taken 40 years to built this temple.This beautiful temple, an example of brilliant Kakatiya dynasty art, Planned and sculpted by Vishwakarma Brahmin Sthapathis built on the classical pattern of being lifted above the world on a high star-shaped platform. Intricate carvings line the walls and cover the pillars and ceilings. Starting at its base to its wall panels, pillars and ceiling are sculpted figures drawn from Hindu mythology. The roof (garbhalayam) of the temple is built with bricks, which are so light that they are able to float on water.The hall in front of the sanctum is filled with exquisitely carved pillars that are placed as to combine light and space wonderfully with the finely chiselled walls and ceiling. There are two small Shiva shrines on either side of the main temple that are completely ruined. The enormous Nandi within, facing the shrine of Shiva, remains in good condition. In most of the shiva temples, the Nandi was strait to deity but in the temples built by KAKATIYAS the nandi is in an alert position and waiting for the order of lord shiva.
- For want of supplies, he surrendered to the enemy who sent him to Delhi as a prisoner, and he died on the way. Thus ended the Kakatiya rule, opening the gates of the Telugu land to anarchy and confusion yielding place to an alien ruler. The Kakatiya period was rightly called the brightest period of the Telugu history. The entire Telugu speaking area was under the kings who spoke Telugu and encouraged Telugu. They established order throughout the strife torn land and the forts built by them played a dominant role in the defence of the realm. Anumakonda and Gandikota among the `giridurgas', Kandur and Narayanavanam among the `vanadurgas', Divi and Kolanu among the `jaladurgas', and Warangal and Dharanikota among the `sthaladurgas' were reckoned as the most famous strongholds in the Kakatiya period. The administration of the kingdom was organized with accent on the military. Though Saivism continued to be the religion of the masses, intellectuals favoured revival of Vedic rituals. They sought to reconcile the Vaishnavites and the Saivites through the worship of Harihara. Arts and literature found patrons in the Kakatiyas and their feudatories. Tikkanadata provided by prashanth
- Siddeshwara Temple : ancient temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, is located very close to Hanamkonda in Warangal. The temple architecture is marvelous and is similar to Chalukyan style of architecture. The temple as whole is decorated amazingly with intricately carved pillars. This is an important shivaite temple in Warangal. Devotees throng to this holy temple during the Maha Shivarathry festival. The temple has a majestic look and the surroundings are serene and secluded. The temple offers great peace of mind to its devotees.
Syed Shah Afzal Biyabani Darga :Which is more than a century old and is located in the province of kazipet. Urus of darga is held every year and people from all over the India visit. Murid from Pune,Gulbarga,Delhi and Mumbai often visit Darga for Ziyarath. People from all religion visit darga and finds there mental peace. It can be reached from Kazipet junction with in 10 mins using taxi.
- Jain Temple at Kolanpak or Kolanupaka : The 2,000-year-old Jain temple of Mahavira is a famous place of worship for Jains in the country. The temple is embellished with beautiful images of Tirthankaras. The 5 ft high image of Mahavira is carved entirely out of jade. Kolanupaka is off the town of Aler which lies almost exactly midway (75km) between Warangal and Hyderabad. This was the second capital town of Kalyani Chalukyas during the 11th century. During this period the village was a religious centre for Jains and ranks among the great Jain centers of southern India. The State Department of Archaeology and Museums established the Kolanupaka Museum which exhibits some exquisite artefacts from the numerous historical monuments of Kolanupaka.
- Pembarti village : Scholars who studied the culture of old population claim that that generation used copper and brass wares were used when iron was not known, A specimen of that old age is seen in a cute village Pembarti village near Warangal. Pembarti village is very famous for brassware, many artifacts, metal tools and objects of daily use are made out of brass here in this village. The village is the centre of brass work in India; the brasswares are exported to foreign countries from here. Statues, castings and carvings are made in this village using the attractive copper alloys like brass and bronze.Tourists visit this village to have a real hard view of making brassware and a visit to this traditional artisan’s village is very fascinating. Most of the residents in this village make their profession in the brassware manufacturing and fashion lights made out here shines wonderfully.
- Sri Veeranarayana Temple : an ancient temple built around 1104 AD, is a highly revered temple located at Kolanupaka in Warangal District. The shrine encloses Shri Veeranarayana, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu as the main deity. The temple architecture is superb and it resembles the Chalukya style of architecture. This is an important Vaishnava temple in Warangal. It is claimed that this was an ancient Jain temple later converted to a Hindu temple. The intricate carvings on the walls of the temple are amazing and worth seeing. The temple itself is located in a serene environment. Many Vishnu devotees visit this temple on a regular basis
Pakhal Lake :An artificial lake constructed in a small tributary of famous Krishna River at a close by place in Warangal town, Pakhal Lake, is assumed to be constructed in 1213 AD by Kakatiya king. The Lake is built amidst undulated hilly terrains and lush green dense forests. Panoramic view of the lake and its surroundings is mesmerizing. The Lake is spreading over a wide area of nearly 30 sq km and has grown to a superb picnic spot in Warangal. An added attraction to this calm Lake place is the Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary, which is worth visiting and is located around the lake’s shoreline. Sanctuary encloses many varied kinds of wild animals and birds.- Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary :or Eturnagaram forest wildlife refuge is located nearby Warangal town and is one of the grand old sanctuaries in India. The wildlife refuge is dense with deciduous teak woods, and many wild animals are conserved here, the animals include tiger, spotted dear, wolf, panther, black buck, chinkara, giant squirrels, jackals, nilgai, sloth bear and four horned antelopes. To see wildlife in its natural habitat, visit to this forest wildlife sanctuary is a must. Many numbers of tourists are attracted to this sanctuary and the number is growing day by day.
- Vanavigyan Kendra: Situated on Hunter Road between Hanamakonda and Warangal.
- Bussapur : A village in Govindaraopet mandal, has a 178 meter long suspension bridge on the Laknavaram lake. The local fair begins in the first week of January and lasts until "Ugadi" every year. In the last week of the fair, devotees walk on fire, a ritual called "Aggi Gundalu".
Laknavaram Lake : is a beautiful lake located at Laknavaram at a distance of about 90km from Waranagal. It is an idyllic spot for young souls looking for a day off in the forest. Laknavaram lake is popular for its 'hanging bridges' connecting three islands. The lake is surrounded on all sides by green hills.Warangal is the 4th largest city in Andhra Pradesh and is known for important educational institutions like Kakatiya Medical College and "National Institute of Technology". Established in 1959 as the first of "Regional Engineering College"s in the country, the NIT grew into an important national level institute for engineering studies.
Kakatiya University
Kakatiya Medical College
Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Sciences (KITS-Wgl)
National Institute of Technology Warangal ( formerly known as REC Warangal/Kazipet)
christhu jyothi institute of technology and science(cjits)
Lal Bahadur College (renowned as LB College)
Balaji Institute of Technology & Science
Arts & Science College
S R Engineering College, Ananthasagar Warangal.
BALAJI INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES,LAKNEPALLY NARSAMPET,WARANGAL
Vaagdevi College Of Engineering, Bollikunta, Warangal.
MORE INFORMATION :
Bus Information : In Warangal City two bus stations are there, Hanamkonda and Warangal. Hanamkonda bu s station is the major and from here you can travel any where. Here we would like to tell one great thing about Warangal, "The second city to impliment local, sub-urban buses, after Hyderabad is Warangal." 1.Hanamkonda Bus Station Enquiry No: Phone:0870-2568663, Mobile: 99592 26056
For Hanamkonda Bus Station Bus timings --ClcikHere
2. Warangal Bus Station Enquiry No: Phone: 0870-2565595 Mobile: 99592
For Warangal Bus Station Bus timings-ClcikHere
Train Information : Warangall Railway Station, Kazipet Railway Station are two major railway stations in Warangal. Here is a list of Train timings (Warangal Train Schedule, Kazipet train Schedule). Towards New Delhi side, Secendrabad side, Vijayawada side going trains will passes through Warangal and Kazipet stations. Kazipet used to, as a Railway junction.
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*Note: The above train scheduler is for information purpose only. Please, confirm your self with railway enquiry after seeing this page. The train time table may vary from the above schedule.
aNDHRA hISTORY?
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